Crossing BETWEEN ART, WORLD SOCIAL, SCIENCE and INDUSTRY

EVOLUTION OF SCIENCE AND DESIGN from 17th century until the 21st century
Zeitgeist is the spirit of the times or the spirit that appears at a certain time, the spirit of the time described the tendency of society to a thought and marks as well as characterize the development of science and design over the centuries. From the 17th century to 21st century science continues to grow, the need for the following science applied science continues to grow, and creates a new sub-science. Similarly, in practical fields, each gave birth to the birth of the new science which forms a new action as well. When the emphasis is on discovery of natural science, engineering field by finding a variety of invention then is innovation in design. Science is the study of art about art history, sociology, art, art education. So also with the Science of design.
Various schools of philosophy was born, support each other and even opposite to each other, but they play a major role in developing the thought and science, the flow is:

Positivism is a philosophical school that aims to seek the truth, his character is August Comte, positivism is a characteristic feature of the flow:
empirically based variable must be significantly arrested by the senses, is cause and effect / causality, quantitative, reductionist emphasis on capacity objective, d is repeated and tested in a universal, free values, aims to explain, to find the cause and result.

Rationalism, a philosophical position which concluded that the knowledge is the result of reason, rationalism trying to spread the concept into a universal system separated from the element of experience.

Empiricism experience (experience) as a sole source to uncover the knowledge, reason does not provide knowledge.



Konstruktivism
All people are free to construct anything that is humanistic in accordance fikirannya, and there is no standard in humanistic. Closely related to culture (value system) and ethology (physical characteristics).

Phenomenological
Radically empirical, relying on a variety of real evidence, avoiding a predefined, allowing the object under study was found in accordance with the terms, holistic, qualitative, interpretive, dubious process.
In every science there is always a revelation of the state-of-the-art, which means the highest revelation of a scientific field, is a masterpiece and the highest achievement in areas such as civilian who became his state of the art is the highest bridges tied only cord.

Design as close to the humanistic sciences, in the process using the methodology used in science, but behaviouristic and cultural factors will greatly influence the final shape.
Apply the principle of balance in design because the design is not simply a matter of right and wrong (physical function), the problem is not beautiful and beautiful (aesthetic), but also ethical issues (good or bad).

Here are various approaches used in developing the field of design:
Physiognomy, physical science dealing with human beings who dictate how a design should be tangible.
Ergonomics, the science of work, study the relationship between humans and tools, resulting in a productive and efficient (in accordance with the physical character manuisa)
In realizing the design often uses the metaphor of modality, and to clarify matters of interpretation of nature metaphors used language called Exegesis.
In industrial design that is also known Sinektik science neuroscience was introduced by psychologist named Gordon who stated that basically people are always 'borrow' something that is transferred to something else. Examples of sinektik is, how menindahkan idea about lighters, bicycles and a laptop into a CHAIR?, Lighters; part pentulnya bring ideas 'soft', a bicycle; tires, rubber initiated something flexible, laptops, thin collapsible portable so bring ideas of the three objects that are not related at all to produce the idea of flexible cushioned chair and portable. So sinektik is how to decide things based on something that already exists into something borrowed and new.

RATIONAL INTUITIVE (MULTIPLE Intelligent)

Multiple intelegent coined by Howard Gardner's theory that opposed the IQ, which he considers a person's IQ does not determine the humanitarian dimension because it is not necessarily a high IQ people become personally friendly, high IQ does not necessarily guarantee the success of a person. In his book the frame of mind, intelligent divided into seven parts (the old 7, now 9), namely:
Intelligent 1.Mathematical
Intelligent 2.Musical
Intelligent 3.Linguistic
Intelligent 4.Spatial
Intelligent 5.Interpersonal
Intelligent 6.Intrapersonal
Intelligent 7.Kinestetik
Which now becomes 9, with additional
8. Intelligent and Natural
9. Artistic Intelligent.