Ethnic Mask
Ethnic mask is a mask made by the tribes people with no or little influenced by the Hindu culture or other outside cultures. These masks are generally made of materials plants. Sometimes combined with other materials, such as bones, feathers, animal skins and others. The function of this mask is for ceremonial purposes with regard to spirits or creatures described the outside world or the supernatural.
Not all ethnic communities in Indonesia have a mask of this kind, some are still known in the community Batak, Dayak, Sepik (East Irian) and others. Did not rule out a lot of people who have this kind of mask, but because there were many changes in so many masks of this kind is extinct.
Karo Batak ethnic masks called toping or masks in the Toba Batak language. Toping used by teachers or a kind of shaman who danced in the burial ceremony of one of the people who died. They wear clothes like a long robe with long sleeves that cover the entire hand. In addition there are masks in the Karo Batak language called easel or in a language called Toba Batak-Hoda Hoda, namely the head masks depicting animals such as horses or birds sometimes. Horse and bird is a symbol of the supreme god and there is the assumption that the nobles are descended from this god.
Dayak tribes one Apo Kayan Dayak in Central Kalimantan also have ethnic masks called hudo. Face mask depicts a bird-like creature. Hudo used in the rice-planting ceremony, it is also used to expel evil spirits and invite the good spirits. Hudo also used for ceremonial rites of initiation of the birth of a baby, a few months later, a ceremony was held off the ground, then cut teeth ceremony, wedding ceremonies and others, or so-called life cycle ceremonies.
Tribes in Irian (Papua) have made a simple mask, for example, people who live in Humboldt Bay, they make a mask with woven rattan is very smooth and dense, made with very high expertise. This mask is used for funerals.
Sepik tribes who lived on the north coast of East New Guinea, the mask-mask is made from plant material. This mask is used to summon the spirits who were asked by the public's help to eliminate or prevent the disaster facing the problem.
In the ethnic indigenous people of Jakarta (Batavia) ethnic masks called ondel-ondel, now serves to mask the great hostess or wedding ceremony and others. On the north coast of Subang (West Java) have similar mask-ondel ondel functioning exorcise.
Performing Mask
Understanding the show here is the performance of a play or story is seen by many people. Story or play is used to show, usually taken from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata or the Panji stories. Some are taking the story / play is like a mask that tells pajegan Gelgel royal state, Klungkung, Bali. Other performances are reog Ponorogo (East Java), the story ranges from about stories that are wandering looking banner missing wife. One mask is called Bujangga Nom or Bujangga Nyong Bujangga means young. Although at times the show is now rarely wore masks supernatural powers, but the show this reog mystical element involved.
Performing other magical elements are also found in Bali, such as Barong dance. There are two dance barong, barong with two legs that is called a barong Landung, while the quadruped called a barong or barong ket Synthesizer. The theme of the story is a fight between Rangda (he is an evil sorceress) and Barong.
In Bali is also known to mask the five that are considered less holy, so that it can be played at the temple which is less pure, it can even be played outside the temple. This performance is only as sheer entertainment, the story took Loka royal history. Performing this kind in addition to existing masks in Bali, also in Java and other areas such as college students. In the present time there are also so-called contemporary mask performance, as is often exhibited by Didi Nini Towok dance artists. In this show the artist free to express himself, his story may well describe the current situation, his famous works is the mask of "Dwi Front." So, hopefully mask the arts remain sustainable and not extinct.
RFID chip (Radio Frequence ID)
RFID Chip is a chip that is very small (very chip RFID), which amount almost equal to the size of an ant's body, even a little smaller. RFID chips have a variety of forms. However, the form of an RFID chip size is very varied. There are in capsule form.
JPMorgan and family Rockefeler was a banker elite who have the ambition to conquer the world. They were anxious to establish one world government, whose contents are the elite circles (above). But what to do with an RFID chip? RFID chip is the ultimate goal of their ambition. By implanting RFID chips in capsule form in humans, then the movements and activities of all who do will be monitored via satellite. This will be done globally through the mass media, and manipulating its benefits, as if this is to protect the RFID chip, but more fatal another society that request it. RFID chips are also used to acquire property or something that shaped the economic value, such as the Dinar and Dirham (gold and silver). That people store information about the person's profile, and put the property or money in digital form. In fact, RFID chips are implanted in the human body can be turned off at any time, so that we can not interact or equal to jail.
Beginning of an RFID chip that will arise implanted in humans: the cause is the nature of wealth and power damage.
Until initially caused by Federal Reserve: Changing the Gold and Silver became worthless paper money like most of the paper money circulating today that its impact is very global.
International Zionist hegemony wants to topple the effective, fast, yet safe? Immediately use the gold and silver (Dinar and Dirham) as currency and investment, and little by little-better-faster exchange of Rupiah, Dollar, Yen, Euro, Pound Sterling, Gulden, etc. with gold and silver as genuine currency , because the others were really just a symbol that has no intrinsic value of nothing.
What we call the currency of today, namely the Dollar, Yen, Rupiah, Pound Sterling, Euro, etc., essentially just a sheet of plain paper (and also a coin-shaped coin ordinary worthless), which only become "money" because there is no guarantee from the bank. The Bank itself can guarantee that the currency is worthless because it has reserves of gold and silver.
Gold and silver is up to now are continuously captured and dumped by the International Jewish Conspiracy from the hands of all people in the world, so gold and silver throughout the world are in the hands of the Jews at the hands of international and non-Jews is just a piece of worthless paper that is used as transaction tool. This situation will greatly benefit the International Jew who could play a casual exchange rates so that non-Jewish communities can be controlled easily.
Mastery and control of the world is the main aim of the Jews. The Jews were very confident, is supported by the Talmud, that the Jews are a people chosen by God to lead the world and make all non-Jewish people as slaves. Even the Talmud says that only Jews who could be considered human beings, while those of non-Jews can not be considered human and more appropriately likened to an animal. Therefore, the Jews have another term for non-Jewish people, namely Ghoyim or Gentiles.
One of the main strategies to beat the world's Jews are the hoard of gold from around the world in his hands, and spread-currency counterfeit currency throughout the world. It has been well designed by Mayer Rothschild Amschell in a secret meeting on the 13th Dynasty of the World Jewish Judenstrasse, Bavaria, in the year 1773, which was then in the first International Zionist Conference in Bassel, Switzerland, 1897, approved the agenda with the International Zionist named as the Protocol of Zions.
Here are some items in Protokolat related Zionist world domination through the power of gold and money:
"The power of money is always able to beat everything. Religion which can control the people in the first period, now began to roll with the freedom campaign. However, many people
do not know why with that freedom. This is the task of Conspiracy to fill it for power, the power of money.
With gold, conspiracy to control world opinion. One of the Jews who became victims in 1000 equal to non-Jews (Gentiles / Ghoyim) in return "(para 13)
"The economic crisis that is made will give new rights to the conspiracy, namely the right of owners of capital in determining the direction of power. This will be the power derivatives. "(Para 15)
"Monopoly of gigantic economic activities with the support of capital owned Conspiracy is the main requirement to subjugate the world, so there is no non-Jewish kekutan one else can match. Thus, we can be free to play a domestic crisis. "(Para 20)
"The mastery of the countries natural wealth of non-Jews has to be conducted. "(Para 21)
So, what exactly is different with the gold and silver currency-denominated world countries are now printed from a sheet of plain paper?
The greatness of Gold and Silver
Since many centuries ago, gold and silver has become a precious metal which is honored by many people. Even gold and silver, also precious stones, has been used by kings, sultans, dictators, tyrants, and so forth in the manufacture of their crown.
The question as asked by A. Riawan Amin in the book "The Satanic Financial: True conspiracies" (Celestial Publishing, 2007): "Why did God need to create gold and silver.
President Director of Bank Indonesia is keen to campaign Muamalat use of gold and silver as real currency was quoted by Ibn Khaldun in the "Prolegomena" her: "God created the two precious metals was to be a measure of the value or price (measure of value) for everything.
Al-Maqrizi in "Ighatsah" also states, "God created the two precious metals was not simply as a measure of value, or to store wealth (investment) but also as a medium of exchange (the medium of exchange). "Because of the high position of the gold and silver is so many people consider these two precious metals such as Heaven's Currency (The currency of heaven).
A. Riawan Amin writes, "Ancient Society has been using gold, silver, and copper for economic transactions. Gold and silver was chosen because of the scarcity of (rare) and beautiful color. In human history, no more than 90. 000 tons of gold mined from the earth. While silver and copper to meet the transaction with a lower value than gold.
Uniquely, Amin added, the modern world to classify these precious metals in the same column. Periodic Table of placing a gold, silver, and copper (with each symbol Au, Ag, and Cu) in the same group ie Group 11. Unlike most other metals, gold has a very special properties.
First, he can not be changed by any chemicals. Archimedes (300 BC) proved that the gold could be detected without any damage and just using ordinary fresh water. Because not include an active metal then gold is not affected by water and air. Unlike iron or other metals, gold can not rust.
In addition, gold has also included a very soft metal. Can be forged into a super-thin plates and can also be forged into wires with a thickness of super-mini. Just imagine, one ounce of gold could be forged with the vast size of 100 square feet or 50 miles along the wire is made
Gold is also known as heavy metal's most. One cubic foot of gold weighs more than half a ton. That is why in human history there has never been large-scale theft of gold due to the heavy equipment needed to lift it.
And Almighty Allah who has created it, all of human history, gold mining world from year to year only increased by two percent each year. Within a year all over the world gold mining industry produces about 2000 tons of gold. Compare with U.S. steel production since 1995 as released Iron and Steel Institute, based in Washington DC which reaches 10. 500 tons perjamnya. Therefore, genuine gold metal sanga rare and very stable in value since the beginning of human history until now.
In the second paper, in addition to gold and silver greatness also will be discussed about the weakness of counterfeit currency that is now used many countries of the world and its relation to the International Jewish Conspiracy.
Due to the political turmoil that started from economic interests, in 1913 the U.S. bankers cited a shortage of currency in America. Therefore, the American government could not issue currency anymore because of all the gold reserves have been used.
In order for an additional circulation of money, a group of people went on to establish one bank, called "The Federal Reserve Bank of New York", who then sell the stock that is owned and bought by their own worth U.S. $ 450. 000. 000 through banks: Rothschild Bank of London, Rothschild Bank of Berlin, Warburg Bank of Hamburg, Warburg Bank of Amsterdam (Family Warburg Germany controlled the Reichsbank with Family Rothschild), Israel Moses Seif Bank of Italy, Lazard Brothers of Paris, Citibank, Goldman & Sachs of New York, Lehman & Brothers of New York, Chase Manhattan Bank of New York, and Kuhn & Loeb Bank of New York.
Because these banks have large gold reserves, the bank may issue currency secured by gold and currency is called the "Federal Reserve Notes". Shape similar to the U.S. currency and each can be exchanged.
To pay interest, the American government created the income-tax. So in fact American citizens to pay interest to the Federal Reserve. Income tax began in 1913, the same year the Federal Reserve Bank was established. All of the income tax collected is paid to the Federal Reserve as interest on the loan.
Beginning in 1929, the Federal Reserve stopped accepting gold coins as payment. Applicable only 'official currency'. The Federal Reserve began pulling gold paper money guaranteed from circulation and replacing them with 'official currency.
Before 1929 ended, the American economy suffered misfortune (known as the 'Great Depression'). Year 1931, U.S. President Hoover pillory budjet of U.S. $ 902. 000. 000. Year 1932 United sold gold worth U.S. $ 750. 000. 000 that is used to ensure the American currency. This is the same as 'liquidation sale' of a troubled company. Sold gold that was purchased at a discount (discount rates) by international, bank / foreign bank (just like the situation in Indonesia right now), and the buyer is the owner of the Federal Reserve in New York.
Roosevelt made a series of decisions to reorganize the U.S. government as an enterprise. This company later went bankrupt. United went bankrupt because they can not pay the interest due owed to the Federal Reserve. Due to the bankruptcy of America, the banks are owners of the Federal Reserve now has the ENTIRE United States, including citizens and asset-assetnya. U.S. State shapes is a subsidiary of the Federal Reserve.
1934 Roosevelt ordered all banks in America to shut down for one week and pulled the gold from the Americans and also the currency gold backed up and replaced it with "as if the money '(Currency), which printed the Federal Reserve. That year is remembered as the 'National Bank Holidays'.
U.S. Citizens Prohibited Own Gold
People began to hold gold because they do not want to use the worthless paper "as if money". Because it was Roosevelt in 1934 issued an order that every citizen be prohibited from owning gold, because illegal. Servants of the law began doing penyelisikan on people who have the gold, and immediately confiscated if found. (Note: At this point the terrified people flocked to the gold trade with the certificates / IO U bearing bond which was signed by Morgenthau, the Minister of Finance of America). This is a massive gold robbery that occurred in the history of mankind. In 1976 President Carter was revoked this rule.
In 1963 President Kennedy ordered the Treasury Department to print silver coins. This step is ending the power of the Federal Reserve is due to have your own money, then the American people do not have to pay interest on its own. Five months after the order was issued, President Kennedy was killed.
The first step is to cancel the decision of President Johnson and President Kennedy ordered the Treasury Department to stop the printing of currency as well as attractive silver silver currency from circulation to be destroyed. On the same day Kennedy was buried, the Federal Reserve Bank issued money 'no promise' to the first. Money is not promising that they will pay in the currency to be legal, but this currency is the accepted means of payment.
President Ronald Reagan's plan to improve America pemerintahanh accordance with the rules of the constitution. He was shot several months later by the son of his close friend, Vice President George Bush. Reagan did not issue new orders and in 1987 to implement it but the order is not respected by the U.S. government.
In 1993, James Traficant in the famous speech in Parliament condemning the Federal Reserve system as a massive fraud. Shortly afterwards he became a victim of corruption investigations once there are no demands to him for years.
In 2002, Traficant eventually proved to be corrupt. He said that witnesses against him all forced to lie. He also complained that not allowed to contact all the people who investigate it, as a witness. Because the decay system The Federal Reserve, the U.S. anti-Jewish ruler Henry Ford once said, "Probably a good thing the American people in general do not know the origin of money, because if they know it, I'm sure tomorrow morning will come the revolution.
Thus the history of decay Kartal currency system. Muslims should be with full sincerity to start using again the gold and silver as currency, not the dollar, the rupiah, and so forth. We must be aware, the International Jews throughout history and continue to accumulate gold and silver from straddling the entire non-Jewish man. To combat all that there is no other way, Muslims must return to using gold and silver as currency and also as an investment.
In the United States alone, a number of its citizens has long been an active campaign for re-use of gold and silver as real currency (Liberty Dollar). Slowly but surely, the world will again use this real currency. Hopefully we are not late.
Once gold and silver have been collected, and the means of payment was replaced with Currency which there is no guarantee of gold, so packed in the form of digital treasures that can be stored in RFID chips implanted in people, so people will be very dependent on him.
JPMorgan and family Rockefeler was a banker elite who have the ambition to conquer the world. They were anxious to establish one world government, whose contents are the elite circles (above). But what to do with an RFID chip? RFID chip is the ultimate goal of their ambition. By implanting RFID chips in capsule form in humans, then the movements and activities of all who do will be monitored via satellite. This will be done globally through the mass media, and manipulating its benefits, as if this is to protect the RFID chip, but more fatal another society that request it. RFID chips are also used to acquire property or something that shaped the economic value, such as the Dinar and Dirham (gold and silver). That people store information about the person's profile, and put the property or money in digital form. In fact, RFID chips are implanted in the human body can be turned off at any time, so that we can not interact or equal to jail.
Beginning of an RFID chip that will arise implanted in humans: the cause is the nature of wealth and power damage.
Until initially caused by Federal Reserve: Changing the Gold and Silver became worthless paper money like most of the paper money circulating today that its impact is very global.
International Zionist hegemony wants to topple the effective, fast, yet safe? Immediately use the gold and silver (Dinar and Dirham) as currency and investment, and little by little-better-faster exchange of Rupiah, Dollar, Yen, Euro, Pound Sterling, Gulden, etc. with gold and silver as genuine currency , because the others were really just a symbol that has no intrinsic value of nothing.
What we call the currency of today, namely the Dollar, Yen, Rupiah, Pound Sterling, Euro, etc., essentially just a sheet of plain paper (and also a coin-shaped coin ordinary worthless), which only become "money" because there is no guarantee from the bank. The Bank itself can guarantee that the currency is worthless because it has reserves of gold and silver.
Gold and silver is up to now are continuously captured and dumped by the International Jewish Conspiracy from the hands of all people in the world, so gold and silver throughout the world are in the hands of the Jews at the hands of international and non-Jews is just a piece of worthless paper that is used as transaction tool. This situation will greatly benefit the International Jew who could play a casual exchange rates so that non-Jewish communities can be controlled easily.
Mastery and control of the world is the main aim of the Jews. The Jews were very confident, is supported by the Talmud, that the Jews are a people chosen by God to lead the world and make all non-Jewish people as slaves. Even the Talmud says that only Jews who could be considered human beings, while those of non-Jews can not be considered human and more appropriately likened to an animal. Therefore, the Jews have another term for non-Jewish people, namely Ghoyim or Gentiles.
One of the main strategies to beat the world's Jews are the hoard of gold from around the world in his hands, and spread-currency counterfeit currency throughout the world. It has been well designed by Mayer Rothschild Amschell in a secret meeting on the 13th Dynasty of the World Jewish Judenstrasse, Bavaria, in the year 1773, which was then in the first International Zionist Conference in Bassel, Switzerland, 1897, approved the agenda with the International Zionist named as the Protocol of Zions.
Here are some items in Protokolat related Zionist world domination through the power of gold and money:
"The power of money is always able to beat everything. Religion which can control the people in the first period, now began to roll with the freedom campaign. However, many people
do not know why with that freedom. This is the task of Conspiracy to fill it for power, the power of money.
With gold, conspiracy to control world opinion. One of the Jews who became victims in 1000 equal to non-Jews (Gentiles / Ghoyim) in return "(para 13)
"The economic crisis that is made will give new rights to the conspiracy, namely the right of owners of capital in determining the direction of power. This will be the power derivatives. "(Para 15)
"Monopoly of gigantic economic activities with the support of capital owned Conspiracy is the main requirement to subjugate the world, so there is no non-Jewish kekutan one else can match. Thus, we can be free to play a domestic crisis. "(Para 20)
"The mastery of the countries natural wealth of non-Jews has to be conducted. "(Para 21)
So, what exactly is different with the gold and silver currency-denominated world countries are now printed from a sheet of plain paper?
The greatness of Gold and Silver
Since many centuries ago, gold and silver has become a precious metal which is honored by many people. Even gold and silver, also precious stones, has been used by kings, sultans, dictators, tyrants, and so forth in the manufacture of their crown.
The question as asked by A. Riawan Amin in the book "The Satanic Financial: True conspiracies" (Celestial Publishing, 2007): "Why did God need to create gold and silver.
President Director of Bank Indonesia is keen to campaign Muamalat use of gold and silver as real currency was quoted by Ibn Khaldun in the "Prolegomena" her: "God created the two precious metals was to be a measure of the value or price (measure of value) for everything.
Al-Maqrizi in "Ighatsah" also states, "God created the two precious metals was not simply as a measure of value, or to store wealth (investment) but also as a medium of exchange (the medium of exchange). "Because of the high position of the gold and silver is so many people consider these two precious metals such as Heaven's Currency (The currency of heaven).
A. Riawan Amin writes, "Ancient Society has been using gold, silver, and copper for economic transactions. Gold and silver was chosen because of the scarcity of (rare) and beautiful color. In human history, no more than 90. 000 tons of gold mined from the earth. While silver and copper to meet the transaction with a lower value than gold.
Uniquely, Amin added, the modern world to classify these precious metals in the same column. Periodic Table of placing a gold, silver, and copper (with each symbol Au, Ag, and Cu) in the same group ie Group 11. Unlike most other metals, gold has a very special properties.
First, he can not be changed by any chemicals. Archimedes (300 BC) proved that the gold could be detected without any damage and just using ordinary fresh water. Because not include an active metal then gold is not affected by water and air. Unlike iron or other metals, gold can not rust.
In addition, gold has also included a very soft metal. Can be forged into a super-thin plates and can also be forged into wires with a thickness of super-mini. Just imagine, one ounce of gold could be forged with the vast size of 100 square feet or 50 miles along the wire is made
Gold is also known as heavy metal's most. One cubic foot of gold weighs more than half a ton. That is why in human history there has never been large-scale theft of gold due to the heavy equipment needed to lift it.
And Almighty Allah who has created it, all of human history, gold mining world from year to year only increased by two percent each year. Within a year all over the world gold mining industry produces about 2000 tons of gold. Compare with U.S. steel production since 1995 as released Iron and Steel Institute, based in Washington DC which reaches 10. 500 tons perjamnya. Therefore, genuine gold metal sanga rare and very stable in value since the beginning of human history until now.
In the second paper, in addition to gold and silver greatness also will be discussed about the weakness of counterfeit currency that is now used many countries of the world and its relation to the International Jewish Conspiracy.
Due to the political turmoil that started from economic interests, in 1913 the U.S. bankers cited a shortage of currency in America. Therefore, the American government could not issue currency anymore because of all the gold reserves have been used.
In order for an additional circulation of money, a group of people went on to establish one bank, called "The Federal Reserve Bank of New York", who then sell the stock that is owned and bought by their own worth U.S. $ 450. 000. 000 through banks: Rothschild Bank of London, Rothschild Bank of Berlin, Warburg Bank of Hamburg, Warburg Bank of Amsterdam (Family Warburg Germany controlled the Reichsbank with Family Rothschild), Israel Moses Seif Bank of Italy, Lazard Brothers of Paris, Citibank, Goldman & Sachs of New York, Lehman & Brothers of New York, Chase Manhattan Bank of New York, and Kuhn & Loeb Bank of New York.
Because these banks have large gold reserves, the bank may issue currency secured by gold and currency is called the "Federal Reserve Notes". Shape similar to the U.S. currency and each can be exchanged.
To pay interest, the American government created the income-tax. So in fact American citizens to pay interest to the Federal Reserve. Income tax began in 1913, the same year the Federal Reserve Bank was established. All of the income tax collected is paid to the Federal Reserve as interest on the loan.
Beginning in 1929, the Federal Reserve stopped accepting gold coins as payment. Applicable only 'official currency'. The Federal Reserve began pulling gold paper money guaranteed from circulation and replacing them with 'official currency.
Before 1929 ended, the American economy suffered misfortune (known as the 'Great Depression'). Year 1931, U.S. President Hoover pillory budjet of U.S. $ 902. 000. 000. Year 1932 United sold gold worth U.S. $ 750. 000. 000 that is used to ensure the American currency. This is the same as 'liquidation sale' of a troubled company. Sold gold that was purchased at a discount (discount rates) by international, bank / foreign bank (just like the situation in Indonesia right now), and the buyer is the owner of the Federal Reserve in New York.
Roosevelt made a series of decisions to reorganize the U.S. government as an enterprise. This company later went bankrupt. United went bankrupt because they can not pay the interest due owed to the Federal Reserve. Due to the bankruptcy of America, the banks are owners of the Federal Reserve now has the ENTIRE United States, including citizens and asset-assetnya. U.S. State shapes is a subsidiary of the Federal Reserve.
1934 Roosevelt ordered all banks in America to shut down for one week and pulled the gold from the Americans and also the currency gold backed up and replaced it with "as if the money '(Currency), which printed the Federal Reserve. That year is remembered as the 'National Bank Holidays'.
U.S. Citizens Prohibited Own Gold
People began to hold gold because they do not want to use the worthless paper "as if money". Because it was Roosevelt in 1934 issued an order that every citizen be prohibited from owning gold, because illegal. Servants of the law began doing penyelisikan on people who have the gold, and immediately confiscated if found. (Note: At this point the terrified people flocked to the gold trade with the certificates / IO U bearing bond which was signed by Morgenthau, the Minister of Finance of America). This is a massive gold robbery that occurred in the history of mankind. In 1976 President Carter was revoked this rule.
In 1963 President Kennedy ordered the Treasury Department to print silver coins. This step is ending the power of the Federal Reserve is due to have your own money, then the American people do not have to pay interest on its own. Five months after the order was issued, President Kennedy was killed.
The first step is to cancel the decision of President Johnson and President Kennedy ordered the Treasury Department to stop the printing of currency as well as attractive silver silver currency from circulation to be destroyed. On the same day Kennedy was buried, the Federal Reserve Bank issued money 'no promise' to the first. Money is not promising that they will pay in the currency to be legal, but this currency is the accepted means of payment.
President Ronald Reagan's plan to improve America pemerintahanh accordance with the rules of the constitution. He was shot several months later by the son of his close friend, Vice President George Bush. Reagan did not issue new orders and in 1987 to implement it but the order is not respected by the U.S. government.
In 1993, James Traficant in the famous speech in Parliament condemning the Federal Reserve system as a massive fraud. Shortly afterwards he became a victim of corruption investigations once there are no demands to him for years.
In 2002, Traficant eventually proved to be corrupt. He said that witnesses against him all forced to lie. He also complained that not allowed to contact all the people who investigate it, as a witness. Because the decay system The Federal Reserve, the U.S. anti-Jewish ruler Henry Ford once said, "Probably a good thing the American people in general do not know the origin of money, because if they know it, I'm sure tomorrow morning will come the revolution.
Thus the history of decay Kartal currency system. Muslims should be with full sincerity to start using again the gold and silver as currency, not the dollar, the rupiah, and so forth. We must be aware, the International Jews throughout history and continue to accumulate gold and silver from straddling the entire non-Jewish man. To combat all that there is no other way, Muslims must return to using gold and silver as currency and also as an investment.
In the United States alone, a number of its citizens has long been an active campaign for re-use of gold and silver as real currency (Liberty Dollar). Slowly but surely, the world will again use this real currency. Hopefully we are not late.
Once gold and silver have been collected, and the means of payment was replaced with Currency which there is no guarantee of gold, so packed in the form of digital treasures that can be stored in RFID chips implanted in people, so people will be very dependent on him.
Crossing BETWEEN ART, WORLD SOCIAL, SCIENCE and INDUSTRY
EVOLUTION OF SCIENCE AND DESIGN from 17th century until the 21st century
Zeitgeist is the spirit of the times or the spirit that appears at a certain time, the spirit of the time described the tendency of society to a thought and marks as well as characterize the development of science and design over the centuries. From the 17th century to 21st century science continues to grow, the need for the following science applied science continues to grow, and creates a new sub-science. Similarly, in practical fields, each gave birth to the birth of the new science which forms a new action as well. When the emphasis is on discovery of natural science, engineering field by finding a variety of invention then is innovation in design. Science is the study of art about art history, sociology, art, art education. So also with the Science of design.
Various schools of philosophy was born, support each other and even opposite to each other, but they play a major role in developing the thought and science, the flow is:
Positivism is a philosophical school that aims to seek the truth, his character is August Comte, positivism is a characteristic feature of the flow:
empirically based variable must be significantly arrested by the senses, is cause and effect / causality, quantitative, reductionist emphasis on capacity objective, d is repeated and tested in a universal, free values, aims to explain, to find the cause and result.
Rationalism, a philosophical position which concluded that the knowledge is the result of reason, rationalism trying to spread the concept into a universal system separated from the element of experience.
Empiricism experience (experience) as a sole source to uncover the knowledge, reason does not provide knowledge.
Konstruktivism
All people are free to construct anything that is humanistic in accordance fikirannya, and there is no standard in humanistic. Closely related to culture (value system) and ethology (physical characteristics).
Phenomenological
Radically empirical, relying on a variety of real evidence, avoiding a predefined, allowing the object under study was found in accordance with the terms, holistic, qualitative, interpretive, dubious process.
In every science there is always a revelation of the state-of-the-art, which means the highest revelation of a scientific field, is a masterpiece and the highest achievement in areas such as civilian who became his state of the art is the highest bridges tied only cord.
Design as close to the humanistic sciences, in the process using the methodology used in science, but behaviouristic and cultural factors will greatly influence the final shape.
Apply the principle of balance in design because the design is not simply a matter of right and wrong (physical function), the problem is not beautiful and beautiful (aesthetic), but also ethical issues (good or bad).
Here are various approaches used in developing the field of design:
Physiognomy, physical science dealing with human beings who dictate how a design should be tangible.
Ergonomics, the science of work, study the relationship between humans and tools, resulting in a productive and efficient (in accordance with the physical character manuisa)
In realizing the design often uses the metaphor of modality, and to clarify matters of interpretation of nature metaphors used language called Exegesis.
In industrial design that is also known Sinektik science neuroscience was introduced by psychologist named Gordon who stated that basically people are always 'borrow' something that is transferred to something else. Examples of sinektik is, how menindahkan idea about lighters, bicycles and a laptop into a CHAIR?, Lighters; part pentulnya bring ideas 'soft', a bicycle; tires, rubber initiated something flexible, laptops, thin collapsible portable so bring ideas of the three objects that are not related at all to produce the idea of flexible cushioned chair and portable. So sinektik is how to decide things based on something that already exists into something borrowed and new.
RATIONAL INTUITIVE (MULTIPLE Intelligent)
Multiple intelegent coined by Howard Gardner's theory that opposed the IQ, which he considers a person's IQ does not determine the humanitarian dimension because it is not necessarily a high IQ people become personally friendly, high IQ does not necessarily guarantee the success of a person. In his book the frame of mind, intelligent divided into seven parts (the old 7, now 9), namely:
Intelligent 1.Mathematical
Intelligent 2.Musical
Intelligent 3.Linguistic
Intelligent 4.Spatial
Intelligent 5.Interpersonal
Intelligent 6.Intrapersonal
Intelligent 7.Kinestetik
Which now becomes 9, with additional
8. Intelligent and Natural
9. Artistic Intelligent.
Zeitgeist is the spirit of the times or the spirit that appears at a certain time, the spirit of the time described the tendency of society to a thought and marks as well as characterize the development of science and design over the centuries. From the 17th century to 21st century science continues to grow, the need for the following science applied science continues to grow, and creates a new sub-science. Similarly, in practical fields, each gave birth to the birth of the new science which forms a new action as well. When the emphasis is on discovery of natural science, engineering field by finding a variety of invention then is innovation in design. Science is the study of art about art history, sociology, art, art education. So also with the Science of design.
Various schools of philosophy was born, support each other and even opposite to each other, but they play a major role in developing the thought and science, the flow is:
Positivism is a philosophical school that aims to seek the truth, his character is August Comte, positivism is a characteristic feature of the flow:
empirically based variable must be significantly arrested by the senses, is cause and effect / causality, quantitative, reductionist emphasis on capacity objective, d is repeated and tested in a universal, free values, aims to explain, to find the cause and result.
Rationalism, a philosophical position which concluded that the knowledge is the result of reason, rationalism trying to spread the concept into a universal system separated from the element of experience.
Empiricism experience (experience) as a sole source to uncover the knowledge, reason does not provide knowledge.
Konstruktivism
All people are free to construct anything that is humanistic in accordance fikirannya, and there is no standard in humanistic. Closely related to culture (value system) and ethology (physical characteristics).
Phenomenological
Radically empirical, relying on a variety of real evidence, avoiding a predefined, allowing the object under study was found in accordance with the terms, holistic, qualitative, interpretive, dubious process.
In every science there is always a revelation of the state-of-the-art, which means the highest revelation of a scientific field, is a masterpiece and the highest achievement in areas such as civilian who became his state of the art is the highest bridges tied only cord.
Design as close to the humanistic sciences, in the process using the methodology used in science, but behaviouristic and cultural factors will greatly influence the final shape.
Apply the principle of balance in design because the design is not simply a matter of right and wrong (physical function), the problem is not beautiful and beautiful (aesthetic), but also ethical issues (good or bad).
Here are various approaches used in developing the field of design:
Physiognomy, physical science dealing with human beings who dictate how a design should be tangible.
Ergonomics, the science of work, study the relationship between humans and tools, resulting in a productive and efficient (in accordance with the physical character manuisa)
In realizing the design often uses the metaphor of modality, and to clarify matters of interpretation of nature metaphors used language called Exegesis.
In industrial design that is also known Sinektik science neuroscience was introduced by psychologist named Gordon who stated that basically people are always 'borrow' something that is transferred to something else. Examples of sinektik is, how menindahkan idea about lighters, bicycles and a laptop into a CHAIR?, Lighters; part pentulnya bring ideas 'soft', a bicycle; tires, rubber initiated something flexible, laptops, thin collapsible portable so bring ideas of the three objects that are not related at all to produce the idea of flexible cushioned chair and portable. So sinektik is how to decide things based on something that already exists into something borrowed and new.
RATIONAL INTUITIVE (MULTIPLE Intelligent)
Multiple intelegent coined by Howard Gardner's theory that opposed the IQ, which he considers a person's IQ does not determine the humanitarian dimension because it is not necessarily a high IQ people become personally friendly, high IQ does not necessarily guarantee the success of a person. In his book the frame of mind, intelligent divided into seven parts (the old 7, now 9), namely:
Intelligent 1.Mathematical
Intelligent 2.Musical
Intelligent 3.Linguistic
Intelligent 4.Spatial
Intelligent 5.Interpersonal
Intelligent 6.Intrapersonal
Intelligent 7.Kinestetik
Which now becomes 9, with additional
8. Intelligent and Natural
9. Artistic Intelligent.
DESIGN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE
Design as a science is debatable, considering the wide use of the word is questionable whether the design so that design as a branch of science, the object or the object. If as a branch of science and whether the ontology, what methodology epistemologinya or what?
Ontology is a branch of philosophy which raised questions about whether so-called ADA exist? If the ADA from where? Is it from God or from the human mind?.
When coming from God, a transcendental science of getting the character, the whole truth because based on revelation and this is called Metaphysics, while people do not think that science.
When the revelation descended into something palpable, becomes an empirical evidence because there is proof, that is the principle of natural scientist.
Ontology of product design is making (making), then whether the design invention, whether the design always begins with inspiration?.
In the 1960s came the movement design methodology, DC.Jones, who first proposed the modern design, writes that enjinir, architects, industrial designers, graphic designers and formulated the question whether the design is science? Because at that time did not include a design science as a part of science, design Would not created newness, then how about the Craft (Craft)?
After that comes the separation between the traditional design with modern design, said that the traditional design is more intuitive (something you have in mind, wandering and wondering), through various processes of trial and error. Meanwhile, modern design is intended as problem solving, to memcahkan problem. What problem is solved? Anything that can be poured, was written and not just based on intuition.
Below is a hallmark of modern design, which is needed and the problem solving process must always be preceded by PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION then how to solve an epistemological problem, how to find apakh induction or deduction? Then continue on METHODOLOGY.
Bede Art, Craft and Design
What should be explained about the design?
Design is the process of solving problems that have led to the synthesis of cultural values.
Design is the result of analysis using the methodology and is objective.
Art is something that is full of value, to create something original based on his own thoughts.
Kriya is something that is made directly.
DESIGN MOVEMENT method
Movement that emerged and to ensure the position of design with science, his character is karl Poper, Thomas Kuhn, Herbert Simon and Michael Polanyl.
Traditional VS Modern design
Problem Solving
Arts or Mathematics
Scientific method = design method?
According to Karl Popper, in his book Conjection * and refutation, Science is not found with linear ways, just do it, reduced little by little until finally found something true.
Conjection soar without limit meaning, groping, fantasize and escape. There's always the problem conjection verification.
Thomas Kuhn argued about a paradigm, which means a new mindset which was agreed by the scientific community in the period / a particular era. According kebenarnan science (especially social science) is highly contextual and highly dependent on the prevailing paradigm.
While Herbert Simon said that the design is a science that is the science of artificial (man-made artificial).
While Herbert Simon said that the design is a science that is the science of artificial (man-made artificial).
Design method, however doubted by Nigel Cross, which says that the method is expressed by Popper, Kuhn and Simon considered designerly no way of knowing, which is too mathematical results are not creative and he put forward the theory of design of user participation.
DESIGN DISCIPLINE IN SUB substance
Architecture and Interior Ke'ruang 'an
The object of the industrial design industry
Comm.design Visual Communications
Engineering Design Engineering
Expression Bodyly fashion design
Dexterity Craft & uniqness
Desin engineering starts from: Matter, energy and information, the material is something that comes from nature, is a decree anything that moves eneri and information are the various requirements necessary for a design menciptak. Example is the eye glasses, which tend to be called as a function. Consisting solely of glass frames, glass in linking eye on the ears, is the lens frame to tie all of which are functions. But when someone becomes felt more handsome, cool with the glasses who spoke not of engineering but of psychology.
However, it should be noted that the function is not only aimed at the pragmatic function, as well as the function of aesthetic beauty function.
-
- A designer malakukan Optimization
- To sort the processes, identify problems and formulate
- From the principle of optimization will appear EFFICIENCY and EFFECTIVENESS, where these two variables can be measured, so there would be value in each variable, into something that can be quantified. Quantification is a mathematical model to design configuration.
An example of the optimization is to design a bridge, a structure must use the power formula, the overall design should be compact, the configuration of the optimization is a form sabagai effect.
Designers when creating a form of a cause will do CONJECTION, palpability visual, so there is a sense of pleasure.
Form as a means for the preceding form, based functionality offered by the engineer, so the designs already include a configuration which contains community and aesthetic pleasure.
Designs can also dictate human behavior as well as military uniforms, and also serves as an identification symbol.
Ontology is a branch of philosophy which raised questions about whether so-called ADA exist? If the ADA from where? Is it from God or from the human mind?.
When coming from God, a transcendental science of getting the character, the whole truth because based on revelation and this is called Metaphysics, while people do not think that science.
When the revelation descended into something palpable, becomes an empirical evidence because there is proof, that is the principle of natural scientist.
Ontology of product design is making (making), then whether the design invention, whether the design always begins with inspiration?.
In the 1960s came the movement design methodology, DC.Jones, who first proposed the modern design, writes that enjinir, architects, industrial designers, graphic designers and formulated the question whether the design is science? Because at that time did not include a design science as a part of science, design Would not created newness, then how about the Craft (Craft)?
After that comes the separation between the traditional design with modern design, said that the traditional design is more intuitive (something you have in mind, wandering and wondering), through various processes of trial and error. Meanwhile, modern design is intended as problem solving, to memcahkan problem. What problem is solved? Anything that can be poured, was written and not just based on intuition.
Below is a hallmark of modern design, which is needed and the problem solving process must always be preceded by PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION then how to solve an epistemological problem, how to find apakh induction or deduction? Then continue on METHODOLOGY.
Bede Art, Craft and Design
What should be explained about the design?
Design is the process of solving problems that have led to the synthesis of cultural values.
Design is the result of analysis using the methodology and is objective.
Art is something that is full of value, to create something original based on his own thoughts.
Kriya is something that is made directly.
DESIGN MOVEMENT method
Movement that emerged and to ensure the position of design with science, his character is karl Poper, Thomas Kuhn, Herbert Simon and Michael Polanyl.
Traditional VS Modern design
Problem Solving
Arts or Mathematics
Scientific method = design method?
According to Karl Popper, in his book Conjection * and refutation, Science is not found with linear ways, just do it, reduced little by little until finally found something true.
Conjection soar without limit meaning, groping, fantasize and escape. There's always the problem conjection verification.
Thomas Kuhn argued about a paradigm, which means a new mindset which was agreed by the scientific community in the period / a particular era. According kebenarnan science (especially social science) is highly contextual and highly dependent on the prevailing paradigm.
While Herbert Simon said that the design is a science that is the science of artificial (man-made artificial).
While Herbert Simon said that the design is a science that is the science of artificial (man-made artificial).
Design method, however doubted by Nigel Cross, which says that the method is expressed by Popper, Kuhn and Simon considered designerly no way of knowing, which is too mathematical results are not creative and he put forward the theory of design of user participation.
DESIGN DISCIPLINE IN SUB substance
Architecture and Interior Ke'ruang 'an
The object of the industrial design industry
Comm.design Visual Communications
Engineering Design Engineering
Expression Bodyly fashion design
Dexterity Craft & uniqness
Desin engineering starts from: Matter, energy and information, the material is something that comes from nature, is a decree anything that moves eneri and information are the various requirements necessary for a design menciptak. Example is the eye glasses, which tend to be called as a function. Consisting solely of glass frames, glass in linking eye on the ears, is the lens frame to tie all of which are functions. But when someone becomes felt more handsome, cool with the glasses who spoke not of engineering but of psychology.
However, it should be noted that the function is not only aimed at the pragmatic function, as well as the function of aesthetic beauty function.
-
- A designer malakukan Optimization
- To sort the processes, identify problems and formulate
- From the principle of optimization will appear EFFICIENCY and EFFECTIVENESS, where these two variables can be measured, so there would be value in each variable, into something that can be quantified. Quantification is a mathematical model to design configuration.
An example of the optimization is to design a bridge, a structure must use the power formula, the overall design should be compact, the configuration of the optimization is a form sabagai effect.
Designers when creating a form of a cause will do CONJECTION, palpability visual, so there is a sense of pleasure.
Form as a means for the preceding form, based functionality offered by the engineer, so the designs already include a configuration which contains community and aesthetic pleasure.
Designs can also dictate human behavior as well as military uniforms, and also serves as an identification symbol.
DESIGN AND CULTURAL
Design and Culture
Considering the number of questions about why a designer needs to understand the culture and the culture, what is the need to understand history, what is the need for methodological thinking in support of the design process in general, then this description is as welcome insight in order to achieve a shared understanding of the close link between design and culture.
THEORY OF DESIGN
I. Invention, Discovery and Innovation
In natural science, or science of natural phenomena, scientists working with the aim of seeking novelty in the proof of which must be achieved, this process is called To Discovery.
Then what is called the Invention and what's the difference with the discovery? Invention can be interpreted as treating something that already exists, while the discovery is something that has been there and then found, Vasco da Gamma sebgai example find an island is a discovery.
Invention belongs to anyone, whether a scientist, enjinir, designers and even an artist can find the invention.
For illustration, when the neuroscience finding ago chromosome encourage medical world evolved into a diagnosis based on DNA is the invention, when Leonardo da Vinci painting Mona Lisa is considered to create something new, even if the object is to imitate, he also found the invention, a designer can find the invention, although the goal The main is to create something that does not exist into existence, this is also called invention. But in the design world is a more frequent innovation.
Innovation is the empowerment of something already known to promoted, in innovation, there are two important principles:
1.selalu existing design methodologies, using parameters that did not come from ourselves.
2.Bukan as a purely artistic creations, but the beginning, had the form and purpose.
Development stage of life
Humans do not have to live like this now all of a sudden, where everything seemed so easy. When you look at human development from the beginning, the beginning of human life depends on nature, hunting and gathering phase is called Foreigining, then developed on the pattern of farming life or holticulture. By learning from the situation and grow from what eventually developed into a pattern holticulture Agriculture, at this stage of human conduct aquaculture armed with the knowledge, the next stage, when the crops abundant, have found ways how to preserve and cultivate crops, humans make the production process, processing, processing crops into something else, this lifestyle called lifestyle industry, from all these developments have been achieved human, human being finally came in the era of Information, in this state, the distance becomes shorter, telecommunications interwoven between parts of the world, time is not longer an obstacle, the information coming and going in turns.
And DESIGN CULTURE
Human history continues to grow and evolve, humans basically have a lot in common, whether men in China, in Egypt, in Greece or in Indonesia, all have the same needs in life, what distinguishes the thought patterns and environmental conditions which make compliance with the manifest requirements different ways.
Every human being has the capacity to design something to make life better, so that his life more comfortable, so that their daily activities more efficiently, must fight against 'enemies' (weather, wild animals, geographical conditions), drinking water is one of the human drive to 'make' and equip themselves to improve performance and help everyday tasks to show the need for items that can help to hand a better job, for example human originally worked by hand to hold, grabbing, scratching, pulling, and play, but has limitations in terms of hand kinesthetic strength and flexibility, then people think how to move an object from one place to another in an appropriate way, then the problem is the maximum capacity manuisa hands swing up to 225 ° can be solved with the invented wheel that can rotate 360 °, manusiapun work more faster and lighter. Human needs continue to grow according to the demands and challenges faced.
Reason dibekalkan to humans who become distinguishing between humans and other creatures, mind produce ideas, and questions about the nature of self and its existence, purpose in life and what to do in life, question after question is to find the truth in life. Culture of human thinking that arise due to make the emergence of the need for knowledge, the need for civic order of social life itself needs statement needs to be matters which have made the holistic human civilization and are achieving the highest position. In every stage of human life, from hunting, farming, gardening, doing production to be at the current information age, life can not be separated from activities do various improvements in materials, which relate to technology, are thinking associated with the methodology and the actual associated with the values of social life. Humans when acting makes something called CULTURE since it relates to value systems, different from the animals that rely on this instinct is called ethology, human being do something that is etologis that is when he relies on his physical strength and instinct to do something.
Design is an interdisciplinary science and consilience berazas map all of science because the design of various disipiln, art is art monodisplin where the outcome is more ready to express the artist and the character of ideosincrity, highlight the uniqueness of the individual, while the design is always associated with the user. Design highly contextual depending on perspective, each design has different problems so it is with the solution.
Definition of design
John Heskett definition of design: Design is to design a design to Produce a design. Heskett describe, from the design used four words respectively have different meanings, the first design can be interpreted as a noun (noun) that shows the design as a general concept as a field of study, the second design is a verb (verb) to look at design as an ongoing activity (process). The third design which word is a noun which means an idea, concept or new on the fourth word, design means that the object of the process design activities, or the final result.
In designing, a designer DAP uses the theory of others, can also create a theory. When a theory can generate a new theory this is called a metatheory.
Definitions according to Imam Buchori design, Design is a science that seeks to formulate and construct the idea of scientific (scholarly) into the system / artifact / product containing the practical usefulness is based on the values (value).
These values are: cultural value, economic value, technical value, the value of convenience, the value of problem-solving value.
Design is a creative and systematic effort to design or create a usability based on user needs. Design is considered valid if there are concepts and theories. In the design review process occurs and the problem of language study.
In the design contained 3 main elements namely, Visual, Function, Meaning.
Considering the number of questions about why a designer needs to understand the culture and the culture, what is the need to understand history, what is the need for methodological thinking in support of the design process in general, then this description is as welcome insight in order to achieve a shared understanding of the close link between design and culture.
THEORY OF DESIGN
I. Invention, Discovery and Innovation
In natural science, or science of natural phenomena, scientists working with the aim of seeking novelty in the proof of which must be achieved, this process is called To Discovery.
Then what is called the Invention and what's the difference with the discovery? Invention can be interpreted as treating something that already exists, while the discovery is something that has been there and then found, Vasco da Gamma sebgai example find an island is a discovery.
Invention belongs to anyone, whether a scientist, enjinir, designers and even an artist can find the invention.
For illustration, when the neuroscience finding ago chromosome encourage medical world evolved into a diagnosis based on DNA is the invention, when Leonardo da Vinci painting Mona Lisa is considered to create something new, even if the object is to imitate, he also found the invention, a designer can find the invention, although the goal The main is to create something that does not exist into existence, this is also called invention. But in the design world is a more frequent innovation.
Innovation is the empowerment of something already known to promoted, in innovation, there are two important principles:
1.selalu existing design methodologies, using parameters that did not come from ourselves.
2.Bukan as a purely artistic creations, but the beginning, had the form and purpose.
Development stage of life
Humans do not have to live like this now all of a sudden, where everything seemed so easy. When you look at human development from the beginning, the beginning of human life depends on nature, hunting and gathering phase is called Foreigining, then developed on the pattern of farming life or holticulture. By learning from the situation and grow from what eventually developed into a pattern holticulture Agriculture, at this stage of human conduct aquaculture armed with the knowledge, the next stage, when the crops abundant, have found ways how to preserve and cultivate crops, humans make the production process, processing, processing crops into something else, this lifestyle called lifestyle industry, from all these developments have been achieved human, human being finally came in the era of Information, in this state, the distance becomes shorter, telecommunications interwoven between parts of the world, time is not longer an obstacle, the information coming and going in turns.
And DESIGN CULTURE
Human history continues to grow and evolve, humans basically have a lot in common, whether men in China, in Egypt, in Greece or in Indonesia, all have the same needs in life, what distinguishes the thought patterns and environmental conditions which make compliance with the manifest requirements different ways.
Every human being has the capacity to design something to make life better, so that his life more comfortable, so that their daily activities more efficiently, must fight against 'enemies' (weather, wild animals, geographical conditions), drinking water is one of the human drive to 'make' and equip themselves to improve performance and help everyday tasks to show the need for items that can help to hand a better job, for example human originally worked by hand to hold, grabbing, scratching, pulling, and play, but has limitations in terms of hand kinesthetic strength and flexibility, then people think how to move an object from one place to another in an appropriate way, then the problem is the maximum capacity manuisa hands swing up to 225 ° can be solved with the invented wheel that can rotate 360 °, manusiapun work more faster and lighter. Human needs continue to grow according to the demands and challenges faced.
Reason dibekalkan to humans who become distinguishing between humans and other creatures, mind produce ideas, and questions about the nature of self and its existence, purpose in life and what to do in life, question after question is to find the truth in life. Culture of human thinking that arise due to make the emergence of the need for knowledge, the need for civic order of social life itself needs statement needs to be matters which have made the holistic human civilization and are achieving the highest position. In every stage of human life, from hunting, farming, gardening, doing production to be at the current information age, life can not be separated from activities do various improvements in materials, which relate to technology, are thinking associated with the methodology and the actual associated with the values of social life. Humans when acting makes something called CULTURE since it relates to value systems, different from the animals that rely on this instinct is called ethology, human being do something that is etologis that is when he relies on his physical strength and instinct to do something.
Design is an interdisciplinary science and consilience berazas map all of science because the design of various disipiln, art is art monodisplin where the outcome is more ready to express the artist and the character of ideosincrity, highlight the uniqueness of the individual, while the design is always associated with the user. Design highly contextual depending on perspective, each design has different problems so it is with the solution.
Definition of design
John Heskett definition of design: Design is to design a design to Produce a design. Heskett describe, from the design used four words respectively have different meanings, the first design can be interpreted as a noun (noun) that shows the design as a general concept as a field of study, the second design is a verb (verb) to look at design as an ongoing activity (process). The third design which word is a noun which means an idea, concept or new on the fourth word, design means that the object of the process design activities, or the final result.
In designing, a designer DAP uses the theory of others, can also create a theory. When a theory can generate a new theory this is called a metatheory.
Definitions according to Imam Buchori design, Design is a science that seeks to formulate and construct the idea of scientific (scholarly) into the system / artifact / product containing the practical usefulness is based on the values (value).
These values are: cultural value, economic value, technical value, the value of convenience, the value of problem-solving value.
Design is a creative and systematic effort to design or create a usability based on user needs. Design is considered valid if there are concepts and theories. In the design review process occurs and the problem of language study.
In the design contained 3 main elements namely, Visual, Function, Meaning.
DESIGN IN CULTURAL CONTEXT
Cultural Context
Humans differ from animals, because humans have a culture, always use the excuse of his actions, while animals use instinct. Humanity can not be reduced, people who understand behaviouristic to see that human behavior is only seen, distatistik and generalized, and should be included perasaanpun. So whether cultural understanding?
This section until the end, is copy and paste directly from the material powerpoints
Prof.Imam Buchori, (of course after disimak)
According to the Sociology and Social Anthropology
Culture is something that distinguishes one group with other community groups based on the characteristics and history, respectively, includes any device attached to her life, artifacts, ownership, characteristics and conceptions about life. Thus interpreted the same culture with the community (society).
In this sense then:
a. culture is not a cumulation of the various phenomena that can not berhububungan one another, but an organic unity.
b. unique in its unity.
c. agreed and lived as a guideline to be passed from generation to generation,
d. have aspirations that are based on time (past, present and future),
e. that culture has an identity,
f. although the culture moves based on events events (including the deliberately created), but its growth is spontaneous, atinya can not created, planned, or forced like in politics. For example: Cultural Minangkabau, Batak, Javanese, Sundanese, etc. Toraja.
According to Cultural Relativism
The approach based on awareness component which is considered ideal (what distinguished structurally formed through political, economic, technological). This sort of cultural understanding regardless of nation or community bulkhead bulkhead. So are universal. Everyone can appreciate the works of Shakespeare, Beethoven or the novel War and Peace. They emphasized the prevailing culture in general (common culture). It said a relative because they can not explicitly stated what is civilized and not, except with the sense, understanding (verstehen)
Cultural visits are segmentary
The word 'culture' is often used in sociology by way of classifying people into segments called subculture. Segment means separating the part of a broader cultural environment are based on the characteristics and behaviors that are similar in that section for example: youth culture; lower or upper middle or cultures; working class culture, Hispanic culture, religious culture. In a global perspective, known segments: the culture of classical, rock culture (music fans rock), etc..
Cultural views of activities
Activities that generate kultifasi meaning in life (including leisure), for example:
1. sports, recreation, entertainment;
2. kultifasi in a world of knowledge (participation in clubs, forums);
3. artistic activities / and increase art appreciation.
Cultural views of the context of increasing refinement language (high culture)
Culture in this sense related to what was stated by CPSnow with the two cultures, where in addition to a scientist who has his own culture, there is a culture of the humanist who dug through the wanderings of knowledge in the arts, literature and philosophy. In Western history, the morality taught by religion eroded by the 'truth' that explored by science. Yet it was realized that science alone can not guarantee to deliver an even-humanist scientist. Birth 'Humanities' in many top universities in the U.S. meant to replace religion, by exploring the value of humanistic values in accordance with changes in the spirit of the age (as a result of its application in the pursuit of Science Technology). Culture in terms of greater emphasis on psychological dimensions, the feelings and sensibilities.
SOURCE:
Buchori.Z, Prof. Imam, THEORY OF DESIGN,
Buchori.Z, Imam Prof., cultural understanding and Design Theory
Heskett, John, toothpicks and logos, the Design in Everyday Life, Oxford University Press, New York, 2002
Humans differ from animals, because humans have a culture, always use the excuse of his actions, while animals use instinct. Humanity can not be reduced, people who understand behaviouristic to see that human behavior is only seen, distatistik and generalized, and should be included perasaanpun. So whether cultural understanding?
This section until the end, is copy and paste directly from the material powerpoints
Prof.Imam Buchori, (of course after disimak)
According to the Sociology and Social Anthropology
Culture is something that distinguishes one group with other community groups based on the characteristics and history, respectively, includes any device attached to her life, artifacts, ownership, characteristics and conceptions about life. Thus interpreted the same culture with the community (society).
In this sense then:
a. culture is not a cumulation of the various phenomena that can not berhububungan one another, but an organic unity.
b. unique in its unity.
c. agreed and lived as a guideline to be passed from generation to generation,
d. have aspirations that are based on time (past, present and future),
e. that culture has an identity,
f. although the culture moves based on events events (including the deliberately created), but its growth is spontaneous, atinya can not created, planned, or forced like in politics. For example: Cultural Minangkabau, Batak, Javanese, Sundanese, etc. Toraja.
According to Cultural Relativism
The approach based on awareness component which is considered ideal (what distinguished structurally formed through political, economic, technological). This sort of cultural understanding regardless of nation or community bulkhead bulkhead. So are universal. Everyone can appreciate the works of Shakespeare, Beethoven or the novel War and Peace. They emphasized the prevailing culture in general (common culture). It said a relative because they can not explicitly stated what is civilized and not, except with the sense, understanding (verstehen)
Cultural visits are segmentary
The word 'culture' is often used in sociology by way of classifying people into segments called subculture. Segment means separating the part of a broader cultural environment are based on the characteristics and behaviors that are similar in that section for example: youth culture; lower or upper middle or cultures; working class culture, Hispanic culture, religious culture. In a global perspective, known segments: the culture of classical, rock culture (music fans rock), etc..
Cultural views of activities
Activities that generate kultifasi meaning in life (including leisure), for example:
1. sports, recreation, entertainment;
2. kultifasi in a world of knowledge (participation in clubs, forums);
3. artistic activities / and increase art appreciation.
Cultural views of the context of increasing refinement language (high culture)
Culture in this sense related to what was stated by CPSnow with the two cultures, where in addition to a scientist who has his own culture, there is a culture of the humanist who dug through the wanderings of knowledge in the arts, literature and philosophy. In Western history, the morality taught by religion eroded by the 'truth' that explored by science. Yet it was realized that science alone can not guarantee to deliver an even-humanist scientist. Birth 'Humanities' in many top universities in the U.S. meant to replace religion, by exploring the value of humanistic values in accordance with changes in the spirit of the age (as a result of its application in the pursuit of Science Technology). Culture in terms of greater emphasis on psychological dimensions, the feelings and sensibilities.
SOURCE:
Buchori.Z, Prof. Imam, THEORY OF DESIGN,
Buchori.Z, Imam Prof., cultural understanding and Design Theory
Heskett, John, toothpicks and logos, the Design in Everyday Life, Oxford University Press, New York, 2002
